The Attachment Theory Essay -- Psychology, Interpersonal Relationship

The Attachment theory is a psychological, ethological and evolutionary theory that gives a descriptive and explanatory framework of understanding interpersonal relationship between human beings. Presented by John Bowlby, the important tenet of this theory is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to progress generally. The idea of attachment theory is that infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive in social relationships with them, and who remain consistent caregivers for some months during the period of early six months to two/three years of age. In the early days Bowlby was criticized by academic psychologists and also ostracized by the psychoanalytic community but, attachment theory has become a dominant approach in understanding social development and giving rise of empirical research into the formation of children’s close relationships. The child that is observed for this paper is my nephew aged 5 years. He is currently in grade 1 possessing few characteristics of anxious ambivalent (discussed in history) child. History After graduating from the University of Cambridge in 1928, Bowlby performed volunteer work at a school for disturbed children while reconsidering his career goals. His experiences with two children at the school set his professional life on course. One was a very isolated, remote, affectionless teenager who had been expelled from his previous school for theft and had had no stable mother figure. The second child was an anxious boy of 7 or 8 who trailed Bowlby around and who was known as his shadow (Ainsworth, 1974). Persuaded by this experience of the effects of early family relationshi... ...hown that early childhood attachment is necessary for the healthy development of child. Children are needed to have a sense of security so that they can grow up to be healthy and productive adults but if there is lack of attachment with them, they are at the higher rate of risk of developing social, emotional or behavioral problems in childhood or adolescent. Insecure attachment has been developed because the primary caregiver (mother) had not consistently responded to him in warm, affectionate, loving, dependable and sensitive way. Such babies are more likely to develop a mental representation of world as hostile or uncaring leading them to many psychological disorders. Teenagers who have not developed secure attachment tends to be open to depression and anxiety and they are more likely to get involved in drug abuse and antisocial/sexual activities. (Doyle, 2000)

What Is Conflict

What is Conflict? The simple meaning of conflict is basically a disagreement through which the person or people involved recognize a threat to their needs, interests or concerns. With how things are now in modern life conflicts are inevitable. Anyone can get into a conflict. Sometimes little arguments lead to an intense conflict. Also, sometimes people overcome their conflicts quickly. I believe that some conflicts can be easily resolved because it teaches people how to deal with situations like that, and leads people to think about the conflicts. It means that people learn from their mistakes.Also, if the person has enough experience about dealing with conflicts, he or she will be able to resolve it easily. For example if someone was speaking aloud and was interrupted instead of straight away starting an argument they could remind the person to respect other people when speaking. We can understand from this that because of his or her knowledge in dealing with conflicts, she was able to solve it quickly before it increase into serious fight. How we respond to conflict is in two ways, we have emotional responses which are the feelings we experience in conflict, reaching from anger and fear to depression and confusion.Emotional responses are often misunderstood, as people tend to believe that others feel the same as they do. Therefore, differing emotional responses are confusing and, at times, threatening. We also have physical responses to conflict which play an important role in our ability to meet our needs in the conflict. They include high stress levels, body tension, and increased sweat, shallow or accelerated breathing, and rapid heartbeat. These responses are similar to those we experience in high-anxiety situations, and they may be managed through stress management techniques used by many people.Establishing a calmer environment in which emotions can be managed is more likely if the physical response is addressed effectively. These are important factors into our experience during conflict, because they often tell us more about what is the true source of threat that we notice; by understanding our thoughts, feelings and physical responses to conflict, we may get better insights into the best potential solutions to the situation. One key point to understanding conflicts is seeing that each person may have a different view onto any given situation.This could also be called the role of Perception. Some of these views would be one of which, gender and sexuality. Men and women often observe situations rather differently, based on both their experiences in the world. As a result, men and women will often approach conflictive situations with differing mind-sets about the desired outcomes from the situation, as well as the set of possible solutions that may exist. Another would be Knowledge (general and situational). People respond to given conflicts on the basis of the knowledge they may have about the issue at hand.This includes specific knowledge about the situation (i. e. , â€Å"Do I understand what is going on here? â€Å") and general knowledge (i. e. , â€Å"Have I experienced this type of situation before? â€Å"). Such information can influence the person's willingness to engage in efforts to manage the conflict, either reinforcing confidence to deal with the dilemma or deflating the person’s willingness to openly consider alternatives. This can decide the confidence of a person when they going into a conflict. Although it is usually best to have a minimal amount of conflicts it is useful in some place such as in organisations.In fact, conflict can be good for organizations because it encourages open-mindedness and helps avoid the trend toward group think that many organizations fall prey to. The key is learning how to manage conflict effectively so that it can serve as a catalyst, rather than a burden, to organizational improvement. Although it is often assumed that people avoid conflict, many pe ople actually enjoy conflict to a certain degree because it can be the motivation for new thinking. Considering a different point of view which represents conflict can open up new possibilities and help to generate new ideas that might otherwise have not been considered.It is like when you are in a race you will run faster when your second rather than first because you have that person in front of you pushing you to go faster. My final point about conflict is the reason why most people tend to avoid getting into conflict. Engaging in discussion and negotiation around conflict is something we normally approach with fear and hesitation, afraid that the conversation will go worse than the conflict has gone so far. In my opinion our responses, as said earlier, are likely to to include behaviours, feelings, thoughts and physical responses. If any of these responses shows tress factors that make us reluctant to talk things out, we are more inclined to follow the pathway of avoidance, basi cally because where scared. In addition, consider that our society tends to reward alternative responses to conflict, rather than negotiation, people who aggressively pursue their needs, arguing rather than co-operating with a situation, are often satisfied by others who prefer to put up with this. Managers and leaders are often rewarded for their aggressive, controlling approaches to problems, rather than taking a more compassionate approach to issues that may seem less decisive to the public or their staffs.I find this to be unfair but it is my opinion on it. To conclude I believe that Conflict can be easily initiated but also easily resolved if handled in the right way or if he or she has experience. There are different responses to conflict which can lead to different outcomes of the conflict. Different people have different view on situations causing controversy between them. There can be use of conflict in organisations by making it beneficial to the person or company. Finally how I believe society sees conflict and why it is normally avoided which in my opinion it should be.

Trumps Position on Personal Privacy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1675 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/27 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Donald Trump Essay Did you like this example? In the last paper submitted for this class, various aspects of data security were discussed. The increased probability of cyber-attack and cyber-warfare, the history of data security at the governmental level and what events precipitated data security to be taken more seriously in the first place, and, perhaps most importantly, the importance of a position of coordinator at the White House for the protection of sensitive information. What was concluded in the essay written for the previous prompt about data security regarding this decision of Trumps was that he either believes that increasing cyber-security measures is not important and would not benefit the nation, or believes that the White House employees can handle cyber-security in a sufficient matter without an expert coordinator position. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Trumps Position on Personal Privacy" essay for you Create order Clearly, both of these perspectives are worrying and simply incorrect to hold. Also discussed was Trumps use of the Congressional Repeal Act to repeal FCC rules passed in 2016 regarding Internet privacy. The conclusion in that discussion was that the decision to repeal such important rules clearly demonstrated that Trump and the administration act on the interests of big businesses rather than the interest and peace of mind of American citizens. This, in essence, is also the overall conclusion that can be made about Trump and the administrations stance on the issue of personal privacy. The following paragraphs will discuss the events that have occurred after those discussed in the previous essay for this course, with a focus on privacy at the personal level rather than the governmental level. Ultimately, conclusions will be drawn about the current state of affairs regarding personal privacy, the likelihood of more comprehensive personal privacy laws and the direction they are headed in, how much personal privacy is valued by the Trump administration, and finally how American citizens feel about personal privacy. In September of 2018, the Trump administration finally presented a framework addressing consumer data privacy: something many have been waiting for after his repeal of previous laws in the spring of last year. Trump had promised that the next framework would be better for both the consumer and for businesses, as it would be all encompassing as well as fair on the businesses-end; previously, major telecommunications were frustrated by the fact that big websites like Facebook were not required to comply with the same set of rules as the major telecommunication companies. Also a looming issue over the head of all organizations was (and still is) the fact that there are only state laws about data collection and data privacy but not federal laws. According to an article on Broadcasting and Cable, the new framework actually falls short of Trumps promise. The way that John Eggerton described the policy was that the administration was presenting broad-brush strokes that would create little to no dispute (Eggerton). He also pointed out that there were no specific measures nor action plan, no specific examples of ways that transparency, control, and security can be increased (Eggerton). The policy failed to mention whether there would be opt-out or, even more protective for the consumer, opt in systems implemented to be the basis of transparency. Therefore, worried consumers are still in the dark regarding the future of personal privacy and frustrated by a policy that is not transparent about the means of promised transparency. As noted in the article, this framework was intended to keep peace between the republicans and democrats, but only manages to do so because it is so vague: when it becomes time to discuss the specific measures to be taken, the administration will be left back at square 0 and left with a very difficult proposal to re-work. The National Telecommunications Information Administration commented on the policy, saying that the policy aims to create a reasonably informed user, empowered to meaningfully express privacy preferences, as well as products and services that are inherently designed with appropriate privacy protections, particularly in business contexts in which relying on user intervention may be insufficient to manage privacy risks (Eggerton). The wording of this is quite ambiguous, as the definition of a reasonably informed user probably varies widely from president Trump to a citizen whose information was compromised in the Facebook data breach, for example. Also, the statement says that products and services should be designed with appropriate privacy protections when Trump has claimed that the new framework will be superior to any from the past (Eggerton). Part 5 of the 7-point plan created says the following: Users should be able to reasonably access and correct personal data they have provid ed (Eggerton). Again, the word reasonable is being used. Does reasonable mean that it is possible for the consumer to access their personal data they provided, or does it mean that it is easy to access it? Based on the past actions of the administration, the latter does not seem to be the likely scenario. Part 6 reads, Organizations should take steps to manage the risk of disclosure or harmful uses of personal data (Eggerton). Using the word should instead of a word like must is another clear indication that the protection of consumers personal data is not being taken as seriously as many are consumers are demanding it be. This policy draft is likely to cause a lot of conflict between state governments and the federal government. Many states like California, for example, do not have a history of waiting patiently during delays in law making at the federal level. Following the discard of previous protections under the FCC, the state of California created its own set of net-neutrality laws, which required the biggest players of Internet providers like ATT, Comcast, and Verizon to treat all web traffic equally (Romm, Fung). Just as one would expect, these laws prohibited Internet providers from blocking access to sites and services, slowing down web connections or charging companies for faster delivery of their movies, music or other content (Romm, Fung). But, this was not just another common occurrence of law making at the state level: according to an article written for the Washington Post, some were even calling Californias net-neutrality law the toughest net-neutrality law ever enacted in the United S tates (Romm, Fung). The way that the Trump administration has handled the personal privacy predicament is likely to result in the same way: states like California are likely to become impatient, and draft a policy that is much more clear but much tougher than one written out by the Trump administration, and therefore not in alignment with the goals of the administration. Another notably tense relationship regarding governmental stance on personal privacy is that of the U.S. government and the EU. As discussed in the previous essay written for Management of Information Systems, the U.S. and England struggled to work together in the past due to clashing stances on personal privacy and data security. Both entities had positive intentions on collaborating on a safe-harbor framework, or a private, self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement (Laudon 137). Under this agreement, U.S. business were allowed to make use of personal data from countries in the EU as long as the EU approved of the privacy protection policies that the U.S. developed (Laudon 137). Ultimately, though, ties were severed when the EU discovered that Facebooks massive data breach involved compromising data from European citizens as well. Come fall of 2018, and the European Union has arguably created the best personal-privacy law in world history. The law is called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This law puts emphasis on consent, control, and clear explanations (Tiku). What is unique about this law is that it no longer permits companies to bring up pages and pages of so-called fine-print, (which no one actually reads) on a users screen and then essentially require users to click I agree to use a companys service (Tiku). The new law requires brief and clear explanations of what is to be collected and, equally as important, why the information is being collected and how exactly it will be used by the company (Tiku). Consumers will have more of a say than ever before, being able to add or omit data held by the company at any time and also being able to limit the use of decisions made by algorithms (Tiku). Is a law mirroring the GDPR likely to be passed in America? Right now, the law protects citizens in every country that is part of the European Union: 28 countries. It is uncertain whether numbers alone are enough to put enough pressure on the U.S. to pass similar kinds of legislation. Something important to note, though, is that a mismatch in laws of this nature cause a lot of problems for business operating in both the European Union and the United States. Many companies are making its reworked data privacy measures demanded by the GDPR apply across the company on a global scale, as it is simpler than creating different systems (Tiku). Chief data ethics officer of data-broker company Acxiom, Sheila Colclasure, feels that the GDPR will set the tone for data protection around the world for the next 10 years (Tiku). If the administration cares about maintaining good relationships with other countries and international organizations, it should follow the same steps. According to the Pew Research Center, consumer confidence about the security of their data has gone down since the rise of the popularity of major social media networks like Facebook. A survey conducted by the research center shows how over 90% of American citizens either selected that they agree or strongly agree that people have lost control over how personal information is collected and used by all kinds of entities (Rainie). In addition, a strong majority of two-thirds have said current laws are not good enough in protecting peoples privacy, and 64% support more regulation of advertisers (Rainie). Based on the outlook of citizens and the administrations current efforts, it still is uncertain whether the Trump administration will take the opportunity to make a law like the GDPR.

Why Hiring More Police Officers - 916 Words

There are several reasons why hiring more police officers does not reduce crime rates. First, if we increased our nation’s police force, the number of actual police officers per 10,000 citizens would continue to be insignificant because the police officer’s presence is already distributed very thin. Second, in spite of a large and noticeable police existence some criminals are not discouraged from committing crimes. Third, many crimes cannot be successfully stopped by police patrol because they are committed behind closed doors and occur in the heat of the moment (burglary and domestic violence). Fourth, if we hire an additional 100,000 police officers we would most likely not see a decline in crime because only 10% of those 100,000 newly hired police officers are on the streets patrolling and showing a presence. Police officers cannot work 24 hours a day and at best one officer is only used for 1/3 of the day. We also need to take into consideration even less time poli ce officers are on patrol for reasons such as sickness, vacations, family emergencies, and training. Furthermore, police officers need to transport arrested individuals to correctional facilities, fill out paperwork, and carryout other duties which keep them from showing a police presence. -Chapter 3 Pages 48-49 The 311 system is a nonemergency alternative to the well-known 911 system. People estimate 40% to 80% of all 911 calls are used for non-emergencies, because people dial 911 too readily. The keyShow MoreRelatedTraditional Policing Is A Popular Policing Approach To1654 Words   |  7 Pagestends to throw money to help fight crime by hiring more police officers. The hiring of more police officers is one of the policies that the traditional policing approach uses. People who are for traditional policing believe that this method works great because police officers are able to be at the scene of a crime quickly and it will make the lawbreakers stop committing crimes. (Worrall, 2015). However, I do not believe that hiring more police officers is an effective crime control policy. The deterrenceRead MoreThe Issues With Police Recruitment1069 Words   |  5 PagesIssues with Police Recruitment Police recruitment, specifically the recruitment of women and minorities, is an issue within the police organization. When it comes to gender in law enforcement, males outnumber females by a large margin. When looking at race in law enforcement Whites outnumber any other race. By leveling the fields of gender and race in law enforcement, this will prove to be beneficial to police organizations across the board. According to U.S. Census Bureau of 2005, women makeRead More Police Corruption and Misconduct Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pages Police corruption and misconduct come apparent in many different forms. A basic definition for police corruption is, when an officer gets involved in offenses where the officer uses his or her position, by act or omission, to obtain improper financial benefit. The main reason for such corruption is typically for personal gain, such as bribery. Police abuse of authority occurs in three different general areas such as physical abuse, psychological abuse, and legal abuse. Physical abuse is suchRead MoreHistory And Development Of Law Enforcement858 Words   |  4 Pagesenforcement. The first is the history and development of law enforcement, the hiring of, training of, and career paths of law enforcement officers, and last the various styles and primary operational strategies of today’s law enforcement agencies. The history of criminal justice system has come a long way from 1653 to where we are now in present day. America was built on the idea that government will not be centralized. That is why the Constitution developed a government divided into three branchesRead MorePhysical Fitness And Wellness Policy For The Austin Peay State University Police Department Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagespolicy for the Austin Peay State University Police Department. It is my intention to examine the purpose and structure of a physical fitness and wellness policy and compare some precedent-setting court cases. By doing this, I hope to show that the Austin Peay State University Police Department needs to create a physical fitness and wellness policy. 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There have been many efforts to stop this abuse of power. Those efforts prove to have little results that will stop it. In some cases, law enforcement officers abuse their power and go too far, but it is not always the police officer who is at fault. Many claims have been proven false and the victim can turns out to be someone merely trying to get away with a crime. Claims can be proven accurateRead MoreThe Unwritten Code1350 Words   |  6 PagesUnwritten Code The Police â€Å"Code of Silence† is an unspoken rule among many police agencies in the country. It is a code of â€Å"honor† in the police brotherhood where giving information about another police officers wrongdoings is considered an act of betrayal. Other terms for the code include: â€Å"The Thin Blue Line,† and â€Å"The Wall of Silence.† Police academies across the nation are close-knit communities of law enforcement. From the first day on the job to the last, every officer is supposed to countRead MoreCriminal Activity in Salinas1695 Words   |  7 Pagesyou pull out your phone you see another robbery or assault. Why are we still plagued with gang violence and activities? What are the root problems for this increase in crime? What are the solutions? Before we can even try to come up with solutions to reducing and preventing crime would have to be understanding the factors behind the crimes that are plaguing Salinas California. We all know that the main reasons for crimes are gangs, but why do we have gangs. First of all the main reason we have gangsRead MoreHiring Process For The Police Workforce866 Words   |  4 Pages When one is beginning the hiring process for the police workforce, they have to overcome many obstacles that will test their general knowledge, psychological background, physical strength, etc. With each one of those subcategories, there are multiple ways to test each of their reactions. New police officers will have to go through various hours of training and examination of those above them. To start off the hiring process one would be tested on their common sense and general intelligence; following

Gilgamesh Is A Hero - 1209 Words

Since long ago, people carried an image of what it means to be a hero. It is evident in some great books one might even say. As in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Antigone, and The Iliad, heroism is displayed and exalted, but what does being a hero mean? Overarchingly, in regards to these works, the heroes earn their titles as heroes by notably doing what is right when the time is right, with humane purpose, and an everlasting message. However, Gilgamesh, Antigone, and Akhilleus, being different in their purposes, everlasting messages, type of heroism as whole, can not compare in regards to heroic status. Gilgamesh is a hero. He notably did good, had a humane purpose to do good, which in the end displayed an everlasting message. In The Epic of†¦show more content†¦At the end of the epic, after his epiphany, Gilgamesh returns to his kingdom, able to rule as a true leader, respecting his people, and his people respecting him. Gilgamesh displays this growth at the end of the Epic as he admires his city, â€Å"Survey its foundations, examine the brickwork!†, â€Å"Did the Seven Sages not lay its foundations?† (Gilgamesh 11.324,236) This was his act of of good. Realising what it takes to rule his kingdom, not like a tyrant, was what his message was. What truly made Gilgamesh a hero was his transformation from being a tyrant to a good king. Gilgamesh lived on through the foundations of his Kingdom, in a way, making him mortal. As people continue to study the epic, one might even suggest Gilgamesh obtained immortality as being remembered a hero. Antigone too was a hero, however, in a different way. While displayed a message, she did good, and had purpose, it was all slightly different than Gilgamesh. Antigone stood against the King, Creon, her uncle, who ruled tyrannically. With this, her message shared some parallel to Gilgamesh, suggesting that if a Tyrant is in power, change is needed. She criticized her uncle for not being a king of the people, as he made it illegal to bury one of her brothers. Despite Creon being king, she expressed, â€Å"But he’s no right to keep me from what’s mine† (Antigone line 60). Antigone actively expresses that being a king does not give one absolute right over every person. Through this, she is able to send the aShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh As A Hero1201 Words   |  5 Pageslong ago, people carried an image of what it means to be a hero. It is evident in some great books one might even say. As in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Antigone, and The Iliad, heroism is displayed and exal ted, but what does being a hero mean? Overarchingly, in regards to these works, the heroes earn their titles as heroes by notably doing what is right when the time is right, with humane purpose, and an everlasting message. However, Gilgamesh, Antigone, and Akhilleus, being different in their purposesRead MoreGilgamesh : A Hero Or Hero?1623 Words   |  7 Pages What is a hero? Is it a person who is admired and seen as one with courage, nobility, and heroic achievements, humble , and helpful and always looking for other’s favors? Or is it someone who is forcing his will through tyranny to be praised as a hero? Of course it’s the first option. Gilgamesh is supposed to be a story of a hero with no comparison of his strength, power and nobility. But the truth about Gilgamesh is that all he is looking for is his fame and fortune. The king’s tyrannyRead MoreGilgamesh a Hero1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk who is two thirds god and one third human, is a interesting and intriguing piece of literature. The story tells of Gilgameshs strength, bravery, intelligence, looks, and loyalty making him a true model hero. It says that Gilgamesh was (pg.13), given a perfect body and endowed with beauty and courage and his beauty surpassed all others. Throughout the story he is constantly going into battle and going on long adventures to find answers that will betterRead MoreThe Hero Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh911 Words   |  4 Pagesstereotypical, sympathetic hero; the Batmans and Supermans who lose their parents in tragic circumstances and devote their lives to vanquishing evil. That however, is not the way heroes have always been portrayed. When we look at The Epic of Gilgamesh we see the archetype of every hero since, however, we are not overcome with a desire to see Gilgamesh succeed. On the hand, if we fast forward two thousand years and look at a hero from Africa named Sundiata who is very similar to Gilga mesh in many aspects, weRead MoreThe Hero Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh1759 Words   |  8 Pages In the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, it is easy to conclude that Gilgamesh, the protagonist of the story, is the hero. In â€Å"Like Mayflies in a Stream†, Gilgamesh is merely a scary person who appears in the story here or there rather than being the protagonist. Instead, Shamhat is the main person that the story focuses on, but the book is imprecise on one hero of the entire story. There are numerous characters that could reflect hero aspects such as going on a quest, having another to help guide them, or facingRead MoreGilgamesh: A Mythical Hero Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesconfusions and battles. Within these myths lies a hero. From myth to myth and story to story, heroes experience what may be called a struggle or a journey, which lays down their plot line. Bearing tremendous strength, talent, and significant admiration, a hero holds what is precious to their audience, hero ism. Over time however, no matter the hero, the hero’s role remains indistinguishable and identical to the position of every other hero. Gilgamesh the king is a myth beholding various heroic traitsRead MoreEpic Of Gilgamesh : The Epic Hero1641 Words   |  7 PagesGilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian hero, featured in the famous tale of â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh†, who embarks on a perilous quest for immortality. This idea, â€Å"†¦touches on the most fundamental questions of what it actually means to be human†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Homer 33), and gives us light into the minds of the people during the era. Gilgamesh’s tale gives us a glimpse at how the people of that day viewed a â€Å"hero†, and allows us to reflect upon what we consider a â€Å"hero† today. Using the Epic Hero Cycle, I will analyzeRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : The Jeopardy Of A Hero1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jeopardy of a Hero The Epic of Gilgamesh was an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. The Epic of Gilgamesh, is often known as the earliest surviving great work of literature, by an unknown author but translated by N.K. Sanders. The epic poem, tells a creative story about a bold hero named Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a story that takes place in Summer of Uruk, in the Middle East around 2700 B.C. Gilgamesh is half man, half god. Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s friend is a man that was created fromRead MoreEpic of Gilgamesh: a Hero Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesStill, there is a great difficulty that lies in defining what a hero truly is. Strength alone does not make a hero; nor does intelligence. Moreover, the Epic of Gilgamesh truly defines the definition of a hero. Gilgamesh is portrayed as a true hero through his skill, intelligence, willingness to die, reverence, and his respect for death. Throughout the entire epic, Gilgamesh demonstrates outrageous skill as a warrior and leader. â€Å"Gilgamesh is strong to perfection.† â€Å"He is an awesome beast with unmatchedRead MoreGilgamesh Heros Journey Analysis1052 Words   |  5 Pages In The Epic of Gilgamesh we see an epic hero, Gilgamesh, rule over the town of Urik. He is a harsh ruler who makes his power known to his people. Shortly after this, he meets his equal in strength, Enkidu, who is a man from nature. Together these two conquer many lands until the gods decide that they are two powerful together, and they kill Enkidu. This loss to Gilgamesh forces him to go out wandering the land looking for answers to immorality. Everything that Gilgamesh does follows the character

Null Hypothesis and Yellow Pages Free Essays

There are many reliable sources that are readily available for researching topics, whether it is for personal or professional use. Two of these sources are known as the Internet and the Yellow Pages. Based upon the test performed, to determine if the Yellow Pages will become obsolete in the near future, the following information was found based on the hypothesis and test results that have been recorded in the passage. We will write a custom essay sample on Null Hypothesis and Yellow Pages or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many people who would prefer the use of the Internet to the Yellow Pages because of the convenience and not having to flip through pages to find what you are looking for. The Yellow Pages have become a thing of the past and is quickly being replaced by new research methods individuals can access via the Internet. In the past twenty years the Internet has continued to grow into what we know today. In 1993 the first primitive search engine was released (Seymour, Frantsvog, Kumar, 2011). Google became the prominent search engine around 2000 by using an algorithm to rank web pages; the desirable pages would be linked more than others based on importance (Seymour, Frantsvog, Kumar, 2011). With the growth of the Internet and the rise of technology, there has been an increase in the number of businesses that use the Internet for marketing (Salehi, Mirzaei, Aghaei, Abyari, 2012). Businesses use the Internet to increase their business and people have easy access to the Internet, which makes it convenient for shoppers online (Salehi, et al, 2012). Our team wanted to determine if the Yellow Pages or printed phone book was becoming obsolete. We believe that with the advancements of the Internet and with the increase of people having smart phones, which have the internet readily available at your fingertips, the phone book is no longer needed and will become an archaic form of obtaining business listings or shopping. To test and evaluate our research issue, we used the five steps of hypothesis testing. In the first step we hypothesized that the Yellow Pages will become obsolete in the near future with the advances of technology such as the Internet. Our team formulated a null hypothesis, which states the Yellow Pages will be proven as a viable research method. The second step was introduced to determine the characteristics of our comparison distribution. We polled 84 people, asking each person two questions. The first question was, â€Å"When looking for a business listing, do you look to the Internet/search engines or the Yellow Pages (hard copy)? † and the second question was, â€Å"If you are going to make a purchase, do you look in the phone book, Internet, or both? † Of the individuals polled, 68 were women and 16 were men. There were two individuals who fell into the under 20 category, three in the 21 to 30 group, 17 in the 31 to 40 range, 18 in the 41 to 50 crowd, 38 in the 51 to 60 set, and 6 representatives of the 60 and over. Our results showed for the first question there were 14 individuals who answered they used the Yellow Pages and 74 who preferred to use the Internet. The second question only yielded five people who answered Yellow Pages while 83 indicated they used the Internet. We set a cutoff point of 50% or . 5 hypothesized means difference of usage among all age groups. This cutoff point was used both as a first method of searching for a business as well as usage in general. The mean for Question 1 was determined to be 3 and for Question 2 the mean was determined to be 13. The Z score for the combined questions was -3. 71. The Z score for the first tail or Question 1 was 1. 64 and the Z score for the second tail or Question 2 was 1. 96. From our research and the data collected, we found that the null hypothesis was rejected. The statistics clearly show that there is over the 50% or . 5 hypothesized means difference. The gap in the Z scores shows a 5. 35 difference for the first question and 5. 37 for the second question. Through our research and statistics, we found the results to be opposite of our null hypothesis which is the basis for the rejection. â€Å"With the rise of local search sites, social media, and mobile directories, the physical Yellow Pages books delivered to consumers’ doors — long a staple of local marketing — are quickly becoming obsolete. According to data from the Local Search Association, total consumer references to print directories declined from 12 billion in 2009 to 7. 4 billion in 2011, and have most likely declined even more since (Jones, 2013, para. 2)†. There might be some interesting news for local businesses that still use marketing strategies through the Yellow Pages. The Yellow Pages is now offering advice in areas such as SEO, online advertising, paid search, and the effects of an online reputation in the social media. Recent findings show that on average, consumers consult two to three sources of information when intending on making a purchase. These sources include the Yellow Pages, but mostly through search engines. The physically printed Yellow Page book may become a part of history, but it will be a while before it is completely obsolete. â€Å"Today, Yellow Pages and search engines dominate the local search space among all media. Last year, 84% of people used a Yellow Pages product and 76% used a search engine to find a local business (Norton, 2011)†. With that said, there are some things to consider when utilizing the Yellow Pages to advertise your business, like reviewing your competitors ads, including a dedicated phone number, immediately creating a working system to track business leads, and including offers exclusively for ad respondents. The data and statistics we collected lead us to the results that the Yellow Pages will soon be outdated. While modern media like the Internet is on the rise, traditional print media will be pushed off the market. The Yellow Pages have found a way to use this change in marketing as an advantage. They now use new modern media to advertise their product as the Yellow Pages online. The Yellow Pages are a name and a brand that people trust, so the concept will never actually be outdated. While the Internet pushes traditional media out of business, like books, newspapers and other print media, those branches have found to be resourceful and will therefore always find a way to survive in today’s ever-changing market. How to cite Null Hypothesis and Yellow Pages, Papers

Employees Motivation And Performance Work -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Employees Motivation And Performance Work? Answer: Introducation Work life balance of employees especially in the private sectors has been a reason for concern for quite some time now. With the increase in the work pressure and job responsibilities in the private sectors, millions of employees around the world find it hard to maintain a balance between work and life. Furthermore, the excessive pressure and responsibilities result in extreme stress on the employee that in turn negatively affects the motivation and performance in office (Albertsen et al. 2014). Many employees of private sectors around the world have complained that in spite of having fixed shift hours, they were forced to work beyond their regular shift timings to complete their daily duties. Lack of job security further aggravates this issue, meaning the employees are always worried about their job status even if they perform well regularly. This research is mainly based on the effect of stress and work pressure on the performance and motivation of the employees of Standard Chartered Bank, Sri Lanka. Extreme stress and additional work pressure are two major problems that are being faced by a huge number of private sector employees worldwide. Although this problem is known to almost every one worldwide, there have not been any significant research activities on this particular topic that have provided reliable and sustainable solutions for this particular problem. Hence, this research topic has been chosen as it will allow a lot of scope to explore the areas that have not been researched earlier. Background of the Company Standard Chartered Bank first started operations in Sri Lanka in 1858 and is now one of the largest and oldest banks in the country. The bank started its call centre services in Sri Lanka in 1998 that was mainly meant for customer services and addressing queries regarding banking services. Currently, there are around 30 bank staff members who are employed in the call centre department to handle customer calls and address their queries regarding banking. Current Situation of the Company Recently, there have been several employee outrages in the Standard Chartered Bank, Sri Lanka owing to the high stress at work and lack of sufficient recess or holidays. Some of the employees have stated that on certain week days, they needed to work for continuous 17-18 hours without sufficient rest. As a result, they have not been able maintain balance their work with life and in addition, they lacked confidence and motivation at work that are affecting their work performances. Problem Statement Investigating the impact of stress and work pressure on employee motivation and performance as well as work life balance of the employees of SCB Sri Lanka (Research question: What impact does the stress and work pressure have on the motivation and performance of the employees of SCB?) Project Objectives To conduct a literature review in order to understand the impacts of the working policies of the companies on the employees To analyze the current situation at the call centre of Standard Chartered Bank (SCB), Sri Lanka To critically discuss the impacts of the banks policies on the employees To conduct questionnaire type surveys on the existing call centre employees of the SCB in Sri Lanka To summarize all the collected data for reaching a certain conclusion and prepare suitable recommendations to address the issues mentioned above Employee Stress According to the works of Bloom et al. (2014), employee satisfaction is an important attribute that is required to improve motivation and performance of the employee in the office. However, due to excessive work pressure and elongated shift hours, the employee satisfaction drops significantly and as a result, the performances of the employees also drop significantly. Mas and Pallais (2017) have also emphasized on maintaining a suitable level of employee satisfaction for helping them get motivated and perform their duties with success. However, as Moen et al. (2016) mentioned, some client based private organizations including call centers, software developers and others exert a bit too much pressure on the employees on the sole purpose of increasing the client base and revenue. Most of these private organizations have fixed shift hours and daily targets to be fulfilled. Despite these, the employees are forced to work extra each day and beyond shift hours without sufficient recess time or rest. For instance, if an organization has 10 AM to 6 PM shift hours, most of the time due to high work pressure and requirement to exceed daily target, one or more employees may need to work until 10 PM before they can leave office and go home. Employee Performance According to Landy and Conte (2016), the elongated shift hours and extreme work pressure also significantly affect the health of the employees that in turn negatively affect their motivation for work and performance. Due to lack of sufficient recess time, the regular schedules of a normal human being like lunch, dinner, etc. is disrupted. As a result, the employees easily become sick and perform poorly in office in the process. According to Gereffi and Fernandez-Stark (2016), some organizations, especially the call centers require their employees to fulfill all their targets and exceed them each month. In this process, if an employee fails to reach even daily target, he is needed to compensate for it the next day. When the employee fails to meet the target for few days, the target lag stacks up quickly and results in the requirement for overtime duty. Overtime duties cause extreme stress on the employees as they need to work extra hard for fulfilling their targets. Grgoire and Lachance (2015) stated that the extreme amount of work pressure also results in hampering the work life balance of the employees. Most of the employees, who work overtime in their offices spend almost 10 to 15 hours daily in office and rest of the time they need to sleep to regain their energy for next days work. As a result, they do not have sufficient time to spend for domestic duties and attend the needs of the family members. Many of the employees have little kids who require attention and care of their parents to grow up normally. Chau et al. (2016) stated in their research that the globalization of the industries has further worsened this issue. Globalization has resulted in international reach of the organizations; even the BPOs and call centers have started to attract international clients and enter the international market in the process. This globalization process has significantly increased the customer pool of the call centers; earlier they were having the national clients and now they are having access to international clients. On the other hand, the number of employees of the call centers has not increasing accordingly. Due to poor recruitment process and unwilling to spend more on employee wages, the call centers often rely on the current employees only to handle both national and international clients (Goodman, Mazerolle and Pitney 2015). Hence, once 20 employees had to handle 3000 national clients each day and with globalization, 30 employees have to handle 6000 national and international clients e ach day. Naturally, the work pressures of the employees have also increased significantly with the increase in the daily target to be fulfilled. Correlation between Stress and Performance According to Putnam, Myers and Gailliard (2014), the demands of the call centers are increasing with the fast growth of BPO. Most of the multinational organizations are outsourcing their customer service duties through the call centers as they are failing to incorporate the same within their business processes. As a result, the call centers are also growing in terms of the daily client call requirements and services. Hence, in order to maintain the requirements of clients from various time zones, the call centers are now kept open for 24 hours with changing shifts for the employees. However, that does not mean that the employees do not have to work extra. The employees need to far exceed their shift timings in order to fulfill their responsibilities before they are allowed to go home and rest. As per Billing et al. (2014), while some employees in the call centers are brought in for night shifts, some others have day shifts but have to work till late night in order to fulfill the targets and duties. Hence, they have very little time to spare at home and almost always fail to meet their domestic responsibilities, often enraging the other family members. However, Las Heras, Bosch and Raes (2015) said that some organizations have taken additional initiatives in order to ensure the employees do not lose their work life balance. These organizations occasionally allow the employees working for overtime for some days to work from home i.e. they are able to work without needing to go to office. At the same time, they can fulfill their domestic responsibilities along with performing office work. In spite of these initiatives, the employees are still under a lot of stress and lack of motivation that negatively affect their performances and domestic duties. Introduction to Research and Chosen Methodology There are several methodologies that can be used for research activities depending on the topic as well as the nature of the research. Some research methodologies involved only literature review and data collection from literature whereas some other research methodology involves conduction of survey and interviews to gather diverse statistical data (Mas and Pallais 2017). Generally, the methodologies are chosen based on the type of data needed for the project and suitable research parameters are chosen accordingly. The chosen methodology for this research will include conduction of survey on 50 employees of Standard Chartered Bank, Sri Lanka and analysis of the same to reach the required conclusion. Methodology Choice and Justification According to Kelly et al. (2014), there are two main research methodologies that can be applied as per requirements qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research method mainly depends upon literature and analysis of other data sources whereas quantitative research method mainly depends on the analysis of statistical data generated from survey and interviews (Janssens and Zanoni 2014). There is also a mixed methodology that involves both qualitative and quantitative research. In this case, the qualitative data collected is to be verified with the help of quantitative data. For suiting the requirements of this project, quantitative research methodology will be most suitable as the data related to the research questions has to be collected from survey of the bank employees. Research Strategy and Justification Research strategy is a plan that requires developing a certain path through which, the research will be conducted. Without a research strategy, there will be no direction for the progress of the research (Lewis 2015). There are several research strategies that can be used like data collection and analysis from primary and secondary sources, literature survey and others (Agosti et al. 2015). However, for this particular research, survey and analysis strategy will be used supported by an initial literature analysis. This strategy is chosen because the research requirement demands collection of reliable and unbiased data regarding stress and work pressure and it can be accomplished by the survey process. The initial literature review will ensure there is no scope creep occurring during the course of the research. Population and Sampling Population is defined as the entire set on which the survey / analysis will be conducted whereas sampling is the exact set on which the analysis is possible (Lewis 2015). For this research, population is the number of employees of SCB who will be invited for the survey and sample will be the actual number of employees participating in the research. There are several sampling techniques available for the conduction of this research including both probability and non-probability sampling (Billing et al. 2014). Again in both these types, there are sub types of sampling and one is chosen based on the sample size and the nature of data to be investigated. For this research, the most suitable sampling technique will be stratified probability sampling and the survey will be done over 150 employees of the SCB. However, the estimated sample size is 50. The sampling and questionnaire interview process will help to determine actual data as per the real time experiences of the employees instead of works of other researchers that may be inaccurate and erroneous. Data Collection Data collection is defined as the process by which various types of data (primary and secondary) are collected in order to support the research conclusion as well as address the research question(s) (Gay and Mills 2015). Data will be collected from literature review as well as the questionnaire interviews in which, the employees of SCB will be asked to answer a set of questions. In addition, secondary data will be collected from some sources of other researchers who published certain data from their own research activities. The collection of various types of data will ensure the concluding values are verified by data from different sources. Ethical Approach Every research requires a certain ethical approach to ensure there is no unethical, illegal or breach of confidentiality activities are used as tools for the research. Ethical approach must be followed throughout the course of the research (Lewis 2015). Since the research is based on the analysis of work conditions in a particular organization, it should be ensured no internal data or confidential information of the organization is disclosed in public while publishing the research (Albertsen et al. 2014). Also during the interview, no personal questions will asked to the employees and they will not be forced to speak about some internal information of the organization. The ethical approach should be ensured in order to maintain confidentiality of the organization as well as the privacy and job security of the employees working in the organization under research. References Agosti, M.T., Andersson, I., Ejlertsson, G. and Janlv, A.C., 2015. Shift work to balance everyday life-a salutogenic nursing perspective in home help service in Sweden.BMC nursing,14(1), p.2. Albertsen, K., Garde, A.H., Nabe-Nielsen, K., Hansen, .M., Lund, H. and Hvid, H., 2014. Work-life balance among shift workers: results from an intervention study about self-rostering.International archives of occupational and environmental health,87(3), pp.265-274. Billing, T.K., Bhagat, R.S., Babakus, E., Krishnan, B., Ford, D.L., Srivastava, B.N., Rajadhyaksha, U., Shin, M., Kuo, B., Kwantes, C. and Setiadi, B., 2014. 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Changing work and work-family conflict: Evidence from the work, family, and health network.American Sociological Review,79(3), pp.485-516. Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Las Heras, M., Bosch, M.J. and Raes, A.M., 2015. Sequential mediation among family friendly culture and outcomes.Journal of Business Research,68(11), pp.2366-2373. Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475. Mas, A. and Pallais, A., 2017. Valuing alternative work arrangements.American Economic Review,107(12), pp.3722-59. Moen, P., Kelly, E.L., Fan, W., Lee, S.R., Almeida, D., Kossek, E.E. and Buxton, O.M., 2016. Does a flexibility/support organizational initiative improve high-tech employees well-being? Evidence from the work, family, and health network.American Sociological Review,81(1), pp.134-164. Putnam, L.L., Myers, K.K. and Gailliard, B.M., 2014. Examining the tensions in workplace flexibility and exploring options for new directions.Human Relations,67(4), pp.413-440.